Disasters such as floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and
earthquakes can occur
in almost any area of the country…..even Ohio, so it’s a
good idea to prepare for them.
Organize your home to minimize damage, create emergency
plans, and
make sure you have emergency supplies. You should also plan
what you
would do in case of a natural disaster and discuss it with
your family to
make sure you are all as prepared as possible.
Possible disasters
Any disaster that has occurred in an area can happen again,
and other disasters
are always a possibility. To find out which disasters to
prepare for in your area
and how to handle them, contact your local emergency
management center, civil
defense office, or American Red Cross chapter. Also, learn
about your
community’s warning signals: what they sound like and what
you should do
when you hear them. The following are some types of
disasters that may affect
your community:
·        
A flood or flash flood is the overflow of
water to a normally dry area. A flood can
occur when water slowly rises following prolonged rainfall
or rapid melting of
snow. A flash flood may occur when sudden, heavy rainfall
creates too much
hillside runoff, overflowing dams, levees, and dikes. If you
live in a flood plain
near a river or stream, or in an area surrounded by
mountains or hills, your
home may be at risk during heavy rains.
·        
A hurricane is an intense tropical storm
that spirals around a calm center, called
an eye, and gains strength and speed over the open water of
an ocean or gulf.
When wind speeds reach 74 miles per hour, a tropical storm
becomes a
hurricane. This type of storm mostly affects coastal areas,
especially in the
Southeast, and usually occurs between June and December. A
hurricane may
bring high winds (up to 220 mph), heavy rains, high tides,
and inland flooding.
·        
A tornado is an extremely violent,
localized storm in which winds up to 200 mph
whip around a central vortex. This type of storm may
accompany thunderclouds
in certain atmospheric conditions, and appears as a funnel
cloud that stretches
from the ground to the sky. Tornadoes can occur in any state
(especially east of
the Rockies), and usually travel from southwest to
northeast.
·        
An earthquake can be caused by the sudden
shifting of rock plates beneath the
earth’s surface or from the pressure of rising magma in
volcanic areas. They
usually occur along fault lines (where the rock plates that
form the earth’s crust
meet), or in volcanic areas. The shaking may be very slight,
or it may be quite
violent. Loud rumblings often accompany earthquakes, along
with significant
structure damage, power outages, explosions, or fires.
Disaster-proof your home
Try to learn about the building where you live. Is it safe
and able to withstand
disaster? Search for danger, and remember, in a severe
storm, ordinary items in
the home can cause injury and damage. Anything that can
move, fall, break, or
cause a fire is a potential hazard. To minimize damage to
your home in a
disaster,
· Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas
connections.
· Fasten shelves securely and brace overhead light fixtures.
· Avoid placing beds in front of windows. Hang pictures and mirrors
away from
  beds.
· Secure water heater and oil tank to wall studs.
· Store weed killers, pesticides, and flammable products
away from heat sources.
· Place oily polishing rags or waste in covered metal cans.
· Clean, repair, and maintain chimneys, flue pipes, vent
connectors, and gas vents.
· Repair cracks in ceilings or foundations.
· Anchor heavy appliances, bookcases, and furniture to wall
studs or floor.
· Place large, heavy objects on lower shelves.
· Keep hanging plants to a minimum. Use plastic pots instead
of ceramic, and
  close or tie hooks
and hangers shut.
· Store dishes, glassware, and pots in closed, latched
cabinets instead of hanging or
  displaying them.
· Check hallways, exits, doors, and windows for hazards and
obstructions. Keep
  the key easily
accessible near locked doors or passages. Do not permanently bar,
  nail, or paint
windows or doors shut.
Create an emergency
plan
The best defense from any disaster is good preparation. Once
you are aware of
what types of disasters might affect your community, you may
want to hold a
family meeting to discuss the need for preparation. Explain
the dangers of floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes to children in
terms they can understand. Explain that planning ensures that the family will
stay together in case of an emergency. Plan to share responsibilities and work
as a team.
· Meet with household members to discuss the types of emergencies
that may
  affect your area.
Explain how to respond, and find safe spots in the home for
  each type of
disaster.
· Discuss what to do about power outages and personal
injuries.
· Draw a floor plan of your home. Mark two escape routes
from each room.
· Show family members how to turn off the water, gas, and
electricity at main
  switches when
necessary.
· Post emergency phone numbers near phones. Teach children
how and when to
  call 911, police,
and fire.
· Instruct household members to turn on the radio for
emergency information.
· Pick one out-of-state and one local friend or relative for
family members to call
  if separated during
a disaster (it is often easier to call out-of-state than within the
  disaster area).
Teach these phone numbers to each family member, including
  children and older
adults.
· Pick two emergency meeting places
- a place near the home in case of fire
- a place outside the neighborhood in case family members
can’t return home
· Take a basic first aid and CPR class.
· Keep family records in a waterproof and fireproof
container.
· Create a Disaster Supplies Kit. Include a flotation vest
for each member of the
  family if the area
is prone to floods.
· Keep fuel in your car at all times and stock it with a Car
Emergency Supplies
  Kit.
Create a disaster
supplies kit
Keep enough supplies in your home to meet all basic needs
for at least three
days. Assemble a Disaster Supplies Kit with items that you
might need if you are
homebound or forced to evacuate. Store these supplies in
sturdy containers such
as backpacks, duffle bags, or covered trash cans. Prepare a
smaller Car
Emergency Supplies Kit and keep it in the car trunk.
Disaster supplies kit
· A three-day supply of water (one gallon per person, per
day) and food that won’t
  spoil. Include a
manual can opener, and any pet food and supplies you might
  need.
· One change of clothing and footwear per person, and one
blanket or sleeping
  bag per person
· A first aid kit that includes prescription medications
· Emergency tools including a battery-powered radio,
flashlight, plenty of extra
  batteries, and a
utility knife
· An extra set of car keys and a credit card, cash, or
traveler’s checks
· Personal care supplies (toilet paper, soap, toothbrush,
etc.)
· Any special items or equipment for infants, or for older
or disabled family
  members (formula,
diapers, denture or eye care supplies, etc.)
· An extra pair of eyeglasses
· Important family documents in a waterproof container
  Car emergency
supplies kit
· Battery-powered radio, flashlight, and extra batteries
· Blanket
· Booster cables
· Fire extinguisher (5 lb., A-B-C type)
· First aid kit and manual
· Bottled water and non-perishable, high-energy foods like
granola bars and
  raisins
· Maps, shovel, and flares
· Tire repair kit and pump
What to do during a
flood or hurricane
In a flood or hurricane, follow these precautions:
· Tune in a battery-operated radio for instructions from the
Emergency Broadcast
  System.
· Disconnect electrical appliances and turn off the main
circuit breaker or switch.
· If instructed to evacuate, take your Disaster Supplies Kit
along.
· In a flood, move to the highest point in your home. If
flood waters are rising and
  you can’t evacuate,
be sure to have flotation vests.
· In a hurricane, move to the center of the house,
preferably to a small room
  opposite the
direction from which the wind is blowing. Stay away from windows.
What to do during a
tornado
In a tornado approaches, follow these procedures:
· Stay indoors and move to the basement, if there is one.
Duck under the stairs or
  a heavy work table.
Don’t stand under heavy appliances or furniture on the floor
  above.
· If there is no basement, go to a small room in the center
of the house, on the
  ground floor. Get
under a sturdy table, desk, or bed.
· Use a pillow, blanket, books, or your arms to protect
yourself from wind-born
  debris.
What to do during an
earthquake
In case of an earthquake, protect yourselves using the
following guidelines:
· If you are indoors:
- Move away from windows, glass, and breakable or loose
objects. Beware of
  falling, flying, and
sliding objects.
- Brace yourselves in a doorway or inside hallway, or slide
under a sturdy table,
  desk, or bed.
- If you can’t move to a safer area, sit down where you are
and protect your head
  and body with your
arms, pillows, blankets, books, or any nearby object. For
  anyone in a
wheelchair, lock the brakes.
· If you are outdoors, move to an open area away from trees,
buildings, poles, or
  walls that could
break apart or fall in an earthquake.
· If you are in a car, stop, park, and apply the parking
brake. Stay in the vehicle
  until the tremors
stop. Avoid trees, bridges, and power lines.
· If you are in a high-rise building, get under a desk or a
table. When the shaking
  stops, evacuate
calmly using the stairs (avoid the elevator).
What to do after a
disaster strikes
If a disaster does occur, do the following:
· Check for injuries and apply first aid. Call for help if
needed.
· Put on heavy shoes in case of broken glass.
· Turn on a battery-operated radio and listen to the
Emergency Broadcast System
  for information and
instructions.
· Gather emergency supplies for evacuation, if necessary. If
the home is damaged,
  seek emergency
shelter. If you evacuate, post a message telling where you are
  going.
· If you leave home, do not return until you hear official
notice that it’s safe.
· If you remain at home, use your Disaster Supplies Kit.
· If you smell gas, open all windows, turn off the gas at
the main valve, and exit the
  home through escape
routes.
· If you suspect damage to water pipes or the electrical
system, turn off water or
  electricity at the
main valve or circuit breaker.
· If you have pets, confine or harness them safely; if they
are frightened they may
  run away, risking
injury.
· Clean up potentially harmful material (broken glass,
spills of gas, chemicals, or
  cleaning agents).
· Check house, roof, and chimney for damage.
· In the case of an earthquake, open closets and cupboards
carefully in case
  contents have broken
or shifted.
· After an earthquake, be prepared for aftershocks.
· If there’s been flooding, do not drink tapwater until
authorities say it’s safe.
  Don’t use plumbing
unless the sewer lines are intact.
· Do not eat food contaminated by flood water.
· Avoid using electrical equipment in wet or flooded areas.
If electrical equipment
  has gotten wet, let
it dry and have it checked for safety before using it.
The above suggestions include basic information to help you
design an
emergency or disaster response system. You can also obtain
more information
from your local government office of emergency services,
fire department,
American Red Cross, National Weather Service, Federal
Emergency
Management Agency, local utility companies, and local public
library.